Advanced Pathophysiology:Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

Assignment: Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT.
To Prepare
• Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.
To Complete
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
• Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from arterial thrombosis.
• Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.
By Day 7
The Assignment is due.
Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter(dot)waldenu(dot)edu/57.htm). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
Submission and Grading Information
Week 4: Cardiovascular System, Part 1
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2008, over 616,000 people in the United States died of complications related to cardiovascular disorders. This accounts for approximately 25% of deaths in the United States (CDC, 2012). Cardiovascular disorders are also one of the leading causes of illness and death in the world. As an advanced practice nurse, you can help lower the prevalence of these disorders by providing patient education and preventive care services. As you diagnose and recommend care for patients, you must understand the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders as well as factors that increase risks.
This week you examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. You also explore the impact of patient factors on cardiovascular disorders.
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Heart disease facts. Retrieved from http://www(dot)cdc(dot)gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
Learning Objectives
Students will:
• Analyze the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders
• Evaluate the impact of patient factors on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders
• Analyze the relationship between hypertension and dyslipidemia to cardiovascular alterations
• Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis
• Evaluate the impact of patient factors on chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis
• Evaluate clinical considerations of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis
• Understand and apply key terms, concepts, and principles related to alterations of the veins and arteries
Photo Credit: sisu/RooM/Getty Images
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Learning Resources
Required Readings
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

• Chapter 23, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems”

This chapter examines the circulatory system, heart, systemic circulation, and lymphatic system to establish a foundation for normal cardiovascular function. It focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the circulatory system to illustrate normal blood flow.

• Chapter 24, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function”

This chapter presents the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. It focuses on diseases of the veins and arteries, disorders of the heart wall, heart disease, and shock.

• Chapter 25, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children”

This chapter examines cardiovascular disorders that affect children. It distinguishes congenital heart disease from acquired cardiovascular disorders.
Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

• Chapter 11, “Cardiovascular Disorders: Vascular Disease”

This chapter begins with an overview of the vascular component of the cardiovascular system and how the cardiovascular system is normally regulated. It then describes three common vascular disorders: atherosclerosis, hypertension, and shock.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Alterations of cardiovascular functions PPT lecture. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines common alterations of cardiovascular function, including disorders of the veins and arteries.
Optional Resources
American Heart Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www(dot)heart(dot)org/HEARTORG/
Million Hearts. (2012). Retrieved from http://millionhearts(dot)hhs(dot)gov/index.html
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012). Retrieved from http://www(dot)nhlbi(dot)nih(dot)gov/
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Rubric Detail

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Name: NURS_6501_Week4_Application_Rubric

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Excellent Good Fair Poor
Quality of Work Submitted:
The extent of which work meets the assigned criteria and work reflects graduate level critical and analytic thinking. 27 (27%) - 30 (30%)
Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics. 24 (24%) - 26 (26%)
Assignment meets expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 50% containing goodbreadth and depth about each of the assignment topics. 21 (21%) - 23 (23%)
Assignment meets most of the expectations. One required topic is either not addressed or inadequately addressed. 0 (0%) - 20 (20%)
Assignment superficially meets some of the expectations. Two or more required topics are either not addressed or inadequately addressed.
Quality of Work Submitted:
The purpose of the paper is clear. 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria. 4 (4%) - 4 (4%)
Purpose of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive. 3.5 (3.5%) - 3.5 (3.5%)
Purpose of the assignment is vague or off topic. 0 (0%) - 3 (3%)
No purpose statement was provided.
Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas:
The extend to which the work reflects the student's ability to:
Understand and interpret the assignment's key concepts. 9 (9%) - 10 (10%)
Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts. 8 (8%) - 8 (8%)
Demonstrates a clear understanding of key concepts. 7 (7%) - 7 (7%)
Shows some degree of understanding of key concepts. 0 (0%) - 6 (6%)
Shows a lack of understanding of key concepts, deviates from topics.
Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas:
The extend to which the work reflects the student's ability to:
Apply and integrate material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) and credible outside resources. 18 (18%) - 20 (20%)
Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 2-3 course resources to suppport point of view. 16 (16%) - 17 (17%)
Integrates specific information from 1 credible outside resource and 2-3 course resources to support major points and point of view. 14 (14%) - 15 (15%)
Minimally includes and integrates specific information from 2-3 resources to support major points and point of view. 0 (0%) - 13 (13%)
Includes and integrates specific information from 0 to 1 resoruce to support major points and point of view.
Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas:
The extend to which the work reflects the student's ability to:
Synthesize (combines various components or different ideas into a new whole) material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, textbook) and outside, credible resources by comparing different points of view and highlighting similarities, differences, and connections. 18 (18%) - 20 (20%)
Synthesizes and justifies (defends, explains, validates, confirms) information gleaned from sources to support major points presented. Applies meaning to the field of advanced nursing practice. 16 (16%) - 17 (17%)
Summarizes information gleaned from sources to support major points, but does not synthesize. 14 (14%) - 15 (15%)
Identifies but does not interpret or apply concepts, and/or strategies correctly; ideas unclear and/or underdeveloped. 0 (0%) - 13 (13%)
Rarely or does not interpret, apply, and synthesize concepts, and/or strategies.
Written Expression and Formatting
Paragraph and Sentence Structure: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are clearly structured and carefully focused--neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 4 (4%) - 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 80% of the time. 3.5 (3.5%) - 3.5 (3.5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 60%- 79% of the time. 0 (0%) - 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity < 60% of the time.
Written Expression and Formatting
English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) - 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5 (3.5%) - 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) - 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting
The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) - 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5 (3.5%) - 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0 (0%) - 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6501_Week4_Application_Rubric