Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Analysis

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Chronic Illness Paper- CIDP (Chronic Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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Pathophysiology of Chronic Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Chronic Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic, progressive or recurrent monophasic symmetric sensorimotor disease, immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nerves characterized by progressive muscle weakness with altered sensations,CIDP can appear at any age, but those in the 50-60 age group tend to develop the disease than other age groups (Kohle et al., 2021). Since the neurological disease affects the peripheral nerves and nerve roots early diagnosis is prioritized to slow down and prevent further nerve damage. The cellular and humoral immunity attack myelin on large peripheral nerve fibers and this causes demyelination that is presented as weakness, numbness, sensory ataxia, and paresthesia (Ryan & Ryan, 2018).
There are various neurological complications that may share similar characteristics with CIDP, but the neurological disorder is rare. At the same time, the pathogenesis of CIDP is not well understood, but there is more research to identify diagnosis criteria that is universally acceptable. There are widely variably reported figures on the prevalence of CIPD because of the criteria used, but the estimated incidence of 0.7 to 1.6 cases per 100,000 persons per year (Ryan & Ryan, 2018). On the other hand, the “overall prevalence is estimated at 4.8 to 8.9 cases per 100,000 persons” (Ryan & Ryan, 2018). CIDP is a rare disorder, but is still the most common chronic immune-mediated neuropathy and the analysis focuses on the symptoms, complications and management of CIDP.
Description of diagnostic indicators or clinical signs/symptoms
CIDP progresses slowly for at least 2 months and while there periods of worsening conditions and improvement, the muscles around the shoulder, hip, hands, and feet tend to weaken (NORD, n.d). The weakness is linked to nerve damage where there is an alteration of the nerve signals that causes impairment of the motor function or the loss of sensations (NORD, n.d.) In peripheral neuropathies, there is a tendency for the peripheral nerves to get larger. However, it is challenging to diagnose the disease as it shares characteristics with other disorders. Peripheral nerve damage is common to other conditions such as diabetes and this needs to e diagnosed to avoid CIDP misdiagnosis. Proximal and distal weakness and sensory deficits are also common. However, patient history, physical examination, electrophysiology, nerve biopsy, and laboratory tests are necessary for diagnosis to rule out other diseases and conditions (Ryan & Ryan, 2018).
While the progression of weakness s and slowing motor nerve conduction are considered when diagnosing CIPD, there is a need for further follow-up to determine whether there are other similar conditions such as acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy. The elevated protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in CIDP is common and indicates problems with the central nervous system, and this includes nerve inflammation (Fisse, et al., 2020). Thus diagnosis often considers changes in the cerebrospinal f...