Critical Nursing Care Priorities for Comatose/Trach Patient

CASE STUDY
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Case Study
Introduction
While different patients may be suffering from a similar condition, their context is unique in that each patient has a specific set of needs. Thus, patient-centered care focuses on the patient and their specific health needs (Edgman-Levitan & Schoenbaum, 2021). Patient-centered care aims to empower patients to be active participants in the care process. The approach to care is fundamental when highlighting the physical and social wellbeing of a patient with multi-morbidity in the primary care settings (Kuipers et al., 2019). In this case, the patient (PX) is a 55-year-old female. She had a past medical history involving angina, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption (non-dependent), and poor diet. The patient suffered from a myocardial infarction at home and remained without oxygen for 30 minutes while her husband strived to perform CPR. While the patient was given a tracheostomy, she was not expected to survive once removed because her brain was presumed to be damaged. This current paper discusses comatose/trach care; GCS 3 on arrival. The purpose of the case study is to provide critical analysis of the critical nursing care priorities for this patient.
Relation of Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Myocardial infarction is also known as a heart attack. It is a dangerous condition caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle. When there is no blood flow, the affected part of the heart begins to die since it is not receiving the necessary nutrients and oxygen, while at the same time, there is the accumulation of waste from the cells. When blood flow is not restored quickly, a heart attack can lead to permanent heart damage and death.
The key risk factors of a heart attack include age, gender, lifestyle, and specific medical conditions. Under lifestyle, sedentary living, smoking, and alcohol consumption are key risk factors. Under gender and age, women above 50 have a higher risk of a heart attack. In women, the key symptoms of heart attack are shortness of breath, insomnia, fatigue, pain in the back, nausea, and vomiting.
A blockage causes most heart attacks in one blood vessel that supplies the heart with blood (Sadaka et al., 2018). Plaques are responsible for this phenomenon. They are the sticky substance that builds within arteries in atherosclerosis. In some instances, plaque deposits with the coronary artery can rupture, allowing a blood clot to be stuck at the point of the rapture. Sometimes, this clot can be big enough to block the artery and limit blood flow to the heart. A part of plaques, 5% of heart attacks are caused by spasms of the artery, trauma, rare medical conditions or disease that causes unusual narrowing of blood vessels, embolism, electrolyte imbalance, and eating disorders.
PX is 55 years, and her lifestyle involves poor diet, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption. This combination of risk factors increases her chances of having a heart attack (Zhan et al., 2019). The patient has been diagnosed with angina, a chest pain associated with reduced blood flow to the heat. It is not only a sign but...