Political philosophy. Social Sciences. Book Review

Political Philosophy
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Winter 2020 NAME: _____________________________
SECTION DAY & TIME: ________________________________
WEEKLY PRACTICE EXAMINATION #2
With which author do we associate each of the following concepts, ideas, or quotations? Give the core meaning and significance of each in the space provided. Incorrect information in the context of a satisfactory answer will lower the grade. (Each question is work 4 points: 1 for identifying the author and 3 for the meaning/significance.)
“Bourgeoisie and Proletariat”
Marx (1848) quote tries to show that in any given society, there will always be a class division in terms of income levels. We have the rich "Bourgeoisie" who are the capitalists and the employers and have their livelihood well. And the poor "Proletariat" are there to sell their labor to get a livelihood for them and their families. Thus, a society is meant to have the extremely well to do and the ones that are trying to make ends meet.
“I am not aware of any community that has a right to force another community to be civilized”
Mill (1863) suggests that civilization needs to come from the people within that particular community. In the history of civilization, there is no city that has ever imposed civilization upon another an underdeveloped community. Hence, it is of non-significance for other developed societies to forcefully claim development in uncivilized communities as it can bring in hostility within communities.
“Despotism is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians provided the end be their improvement and the means justified by actually effecting that end.”
The author (Mill, 1863), is implying that, at times, for governments to bring peace in the country they need to take extra steps even though it means hurting some people to bring in peace. Despotism is considered liberal when it comes to governments finding solutions for justification and bringing peace in communities even if extreme inhumane measures need to be applied. It can crucially teach lessons of obedience, which prepares people for the next stage of civilized development and governance.
“The 'dangerous class,' the social scum, that passive rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers of old society, may, here and there, be swept into the movement by a proletarian revolution"
The quote is from Marx (1848), "The Communist Manifestation." Marx strongly advocates for the minority groups in society that are over oppressed. The oppressed are either bribed by proletarians who are the dangerous class of people and rebel against injustice, or they can be under-looked in society keeping them rotting on streets. Thus, the lower class in society can either rot on the streets or get up and be swayed by the revolutionists in society to stand up for their rights.
“…. rather than exit, is for the customer or member to make an attempt at changing the practices, polices, and outputs of the firm from which one buys or the organization to which one belongs”
The quote is from Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, a book by Hirschman (1970). The statement above shows that if a customer is dissatisfi...