Article Synopsis: Non-Governmental Organizations

Article Synopsis Student’s Name Course Name/Number Institutional Affiliation Professor’s Name Date After the Second World War, there was a widespread outreach by NGOs (non-governmental organizations), whose underlying purpose was to improve the living standards of the world’s most susceptible individuals. Some NGOs were dedicated to safeguarding human rights; others focused on development, geared towards fulfilling elemental economic needs. Both perspectives had unique missions, emphases, and methods. However, in the 1980s and 1990s, the dividing line started to fade. Entailed in this paper is a synopsis of three articles that focus on NGO behavior and human rights, an analysis of the main arguments, methods, evidence, and conclusions, and how the individual articles speak to each other. The first article is titled New Rights Advocacy in a Global Public Domain, written by Paul Nelson and Ellen Dorsey in 2007. In this reading, the authors argue that to understand rule-making in the global public sphere, advancing social and economic human rights and new rights advocacy, as well as political and civil are crucial. The authors introduce a concept termed “new rights advocacy” which involves new ‘hybrid organizations, social movement organizations, and traditional development and human rights NGOs, in utilizing human rights standards combined with human rights techniques to influence corporations, international organizations, and states. The authors draw on rich cases of globally renowned NGOs such as Save the Children, CARE, Amnesty International, Action Aid, and Oxfam. The authors employ viewpoints from international relations and human rights fields, the sociology of complex organizations and social movements, and the development theory, to better understand the changes that transpire within organizations. The second article is a 2013 article titled The Global Right Wing and Theories of Transnational Advocacy, written by Clifford Bob. In this article, the author asserts that recent decades have focused on many international campaigns on various issues, whose rallying cries include global justice, environmentalism, and human rights, and their foot soldiers consist of ordinary citizens, journalists, and NGOs. Because of these international campaigns, scholars have examined the activist networks advocating for global justice, environmental quality, and human rights, developing outcomes, strategies, and theories of transnational advocacy. These theories are based on ‘progressive’ networksб which are described by analysts as theories that seldom act unanimously. Rather, on various global matters, leftist groups experience severe hostility from rightist activists. This article provides a vast pool of examples of such clashes. It opens with definitions and caveats and proceeds to provide an overview of right-wing activism. It then explains how activism develops, the techniques activists use, and the policy outcomes that are brought about due to these efforts. The third article is a 2014 article titled Principled instrumentalism: a theory of transnational NGO behavior, written by George E. Mitchell and Hans Peter Schmitz. The authors open the article by asserting that TNGOs (Transnational NGOs) are responsible for effects ...