The Spandrels of San Marco

Running head: LIFE SCIENCES
Article critique
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Aim of conducting the study
In the article by Gould S.J and Lewontin R.C, the aim of conducting the study was to put forth a criticism of the program of adaptation. The program of adaptation was based on natural selection in which case faith was used as the optimizing agent and failed to distinguish origin reasons from current utility. The program is criticized by emphasizing competing notion, in which case organisms compete for resources for their survival. There was intention of expressing the fact that survival of organisms is through competition for resources rather than adapting to their environment.
Hypothesis which were tested
The hypothesis of the study was that survival of organisms depended on how effective they were in competing for necessary resources for survival. The study was therefore carried out to find out whether the hypothesis would be justified.
Conclusions or results
The conclusion was that competition explains survival of organisms in a better way compared to adaptation theory. This is because the program of adaptation does not explain organisms’ evolution but genes and parts evolution. The competition notion clearly explained determinants of organisms’ survival and this was foun...