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Jaber Shurrab and Matloub Hussain conducted a study to identify the most appropriate lean techniques for large and medium construction firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The construction industry has become very competitive, and firms in this sector are looking for ways to maximize profits, improve the work quality, reduce waste products and project costs, and increase their work effectiveness (Shurrab & Hussain, 2018). Some of the effective methodologies of project management include lean project management, value-engineering, and lean construction since they decrease the cost and improve the product quality. Lean management emphasizes product quality, reduce lead times, increase flexibility, improve processing speed, and increase profits. The primary activities in the construction industry include planning, designing, regulation, manufacturing, and maintenance of buildings. In particular, construction projects are hard to understand since there exists no clear relationship between various parts and processes. The primary aspects of lean construction are waste reduction, cooperate relationships, end-customer focus, process focus, continuous improvements, and systems perspectives (Shurrab & Hussain, 2018). Overall, the two elements of business performance include competitiveness and economic performance.
Researchers prepared a questionnaire survey and distributed them randomly to 300 professionals in the construction industry, namely architects, site foremen, quality inspectors, project engineers, and project managers. Questions were evaluated using a Likert scale with ranges of 1-5. Indeed, 225 participants completed the questionnaire through Survey Monkey (Shurrab & Hussain, 2018). The confirmatory factor and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were applied to the observed variables. The data gathered were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. The EFA test found conformity of distributed questionnaires and proposed scale with a value of 0.648, which is above 0.5. The reliability tests identif...