Prevention of Surgical Site Infections

Using APA format, write a two (2) to three (3) page paper (excluding the cover and reference page) that addresses the case study. A minimum of two (2) current professional references must be provided. Current references include professional nursing publications dated within five (5) years, and/or a textbook(s) used for the course that is no more than one (1) edition old. Websites are not to be used as professional resources or references.
Here is the case study:
•The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP), was implemented as a commitment to improving the safety of surgical patients by reducing post-operative complications. Although some surgical complications are unavoidable, surgical care can be improved through better adherence to evidence based practice.
Case Study: A 60-year old patient with a long standing history of right knee pain has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis, and has been recommended a total right knee arthroplasty to improve chronic discomfort and improve mobility.
The patient’s past medical history includes hypertension and an irregular heart rate. The patient denies any allergies.
The patient reports to the hospital at 1 p.m. for a right knee arthroplasty. A medication reconciliation is completed, and the patient reports taking the following medications with a sip of water at 8:00 a.m.:
o Lisinopril 10 mg PO daily 
o Toprol 25 mg PO daily 
o Celebrex 200 mg PO daily 
While in the pre-operative holding area, vital signs are taken and are within normal limits. No hair removal was performed. The patient was ordered and received Ancef 1 gram IV mini bag, at 2:30 p.m. The patient was transferred to the operating room, where anesthesia monitoring began at 3:00 p.m., a urinary catheter was placed, and a forced air warming device was placed to maintain the patient’s temperature.
After recovering in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU), the patient was transferred to a surgical floor. Post-operative orders included:
o Ancef 1 gram IV mini bag every 8 hours 
o Long leg TED hose and sequential compression stockings to right leg while in bed 
o Lovenox 30 mg subcutaneously every morning, starting the following morning 
o Urinary catheter to be discontinued at 3:00 p.m. on post-operative day 1 
The patient progressed well, both with pain control and mobility. TED hose and sequential compression stockings were worn while in bed. On the first post-operative day, the first dose of Lovenox was administered at 1000 a.m. and the last dose of Ancef was received at 2:30 p.m. The patient was able to void after removal of the urinary catheter. The patient progressed well and was discharged home on post- operative day 5.
Evidence shows that more than 45 million operative procedures are performed in the United States each year. Approximately 40% of operative procedures result in a surgical complication. The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) was implemented to improve quality of care of surgical patients, by reducing surgical complications. Nurses play an important role in this process by following and adhering to evidence based and best practice protocols.
Using evidence based practice from two professional nursing journals, and/or your nursing textbooks, answer the following questions:
1. Utilizing evidence, explain one of the SCIP core measures, and how it has impacted the prevention of surgical complications.
2. Explain why, no hair removal was required for the surgical procedure. If it had been ordered, would a razor have been appropriate to use? Explain your rationale with evidence.
3. What methods were used to ensure that the recommended VTE/DVT prophylaxis was implemented, and why is the timing important? Explain your rationale with evidence.