Problem-Solution research paper. Life Sciences Assignment.

Oil Spills
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Introduction
Research has that millions of gallons of waste oil enter the ocean every year, with over half coming from land drainage and waste disposal; for example, from the improper disposal of used motor oil. Production operations, offshore drilling and oil leaks or spills from tankers or ships normally contribute to lower than 8 percent of the total oil spill. The remaining percentage comes from routine ship maintenance, natural seepage from the seashore and hydrocarbon particles, which stem from onshore air pollution. Oil spills cause great devastation and have everlasting impacts on the marine life and the environment and is something that should be adequately addressed.
Establishing the Issue
Oil spills are an accidental release of oil into a water body from a tanker, offshore drilling rig or underwater pipeline often presenting a hazard to marine life or the environment. According to most of the investigations, oil pollution causes difficult structural and functional changes in natural ecosystems, as well as violates metabolic processes, production and destruction of organic matter, thus leading to a decrease in species diversity. Studies prove that planktonic animals are sensitive to oil pollution in seawater. A concentration of 0.01 mg·dm accelerates their death. The last decade of observation has shown that the highest figures of oil pollution in Northern Caspian and Volga River were recorded in the year 2004. In the same year, as part of the Volga River runoff project, the highest petroleum hydrocarbon amount was recorded. The average annual amount of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Volga delta was 7 MPC fisheries whereas North Caspian showed 8.6 MPC (Mohit). In 2003, a low value of 3 MPC. According to the long-term monitoring materials in the North Caspian Sea, more than 54 percent of the cases are in the petroleum hydrocarbons concentration in the range of 0.5 to 3 MPC. In the places of most intense pollution, petroleum hydrocarbon can cause instant death in animals while it only reduces their abundance in the less contaminated areas. Petroleum can impact animals differently, based on their physiological state, its concentration, the chemical composition of oil, water and temperature. Thus, at a 0.001 mg·dm-3 concentration, oil and petroleum products accelerate plankton death.
Exploration of the Problem
Oil slicks are getting more normal than the vast majority may think, and they happen in different ways. A great many oil spillage happens in US waters each year. Some of these spills are little, for example oil slicks while a boat is refueled however these spills may at present be risky, particularly in the event that they happen in touchy conditions, for example, seashores, wetlands and mangroves. Huge spills typically result from hazardous catastrophes. These will in general happen when enormous oil big hauler ships sink, or pipelines break or penetrating activities go amiss. Results to economies and biological systems can be felt for over ten years after an enormous oil slick (Buskey et al.). Oil slicks can likewise happen at places where oil is bored, utilized or moved. At the point when oil slicks occur in the Incomparable Lakes, s...