Law Research Paper: With Consideration to Non-US Police Forces, How Can Police Shootings Within the US be Reduced?

With Consideration to Non-US Police Forces, How Can Police Shootings Within the US be Reduced?
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Introduction
Police officers in the United States record most police shootings annually than developed countries like the UK, Russia, and Canada. The structure of the US police includes 18,000 police departments, with most having few officers. On the other hand, Europe employs a more centralized policing model, contributing to efficiency in policymaking and evaluation. A logical explanation for the differences between the US and other developed nations could be the high numbers of gun violence in the US than in other developed countries. For instance, a JAMA study established the rate of US gun deaths at 10.6 in every 10,000 people in 2016 (Naghavi et al.). The rate in Canada was 2.1 while that of the United Kingdom was 0.3. America makes up only 5% of the world's population, and yet they possess an estimate of 45% of the world's privately owned firearms (Vox). It is not logical to compare the United States with other developed countries due to disparities in crime rates, historical cultures of gun ownership population, and social challenges. However, techniques can be borrowed from these countries to help the United States mitigate police shootings.
For instance, Europe has been prosperous in mitigating the number of police shootings through reorientation of policing. Among the differences between policing in the US and Europe is unarmed police's policy to de-escalate the crisis. Developed countries such as Britain and Canada have developed a solution that could be perceived as the right balance between maintaining community-oriented policing and ensuring the nation's safety. Furthermore, methods such as defunding, rigorous training, investing in alternatives, and performing oversight have been incorporated to help minimize the rate of police shootings. The US can borrow cultures and techniques used in other developed nations to mitigate police shootings' escalating rates. This paper focuses on the methods of reducing police shootings with consideration to non-US police forces.
Chapter 1
Definitions
Several words used in this paper have been understood differently by different authors. For this study, the following definitions shall suffice.
Demilitarization is the reduction or even total disarming and military presence in a specific geographic area. It implies the dismantlement of arms, ammunition, and armed forces to put them beyond military use in operational terms. Demilitarization also connotes the process of sustained reductions in the military's influence in a given state and society. In many respects, demilitarization is the opposite of militarization; the complex mobilization of resources ("Demilitarization," 2015).
Defunding Police is the reallocation or redirection of funding from the police department to other government agencies (Ray, 2020). In this paper, defunding implies reallocating resources and roles from the police departments to other government departments.
Policing is the maintenance of law and order by a police force, which includes the enforcement of regulations and ​the activity of controlling an industry to make sure that people obey and follow the rules ("Policing...