U.S. Law Enforcement

U.S. Law Enforcement
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1. Describe and discuss police discretion, and the various control mechanisms available i.e., internal control mechanisms, external control mechanisms, control by the citizens, legislative control, and control by the courts.
Discretion is defined as the privilege to pick what ought to be done in a specific circumstance, or the nature of being watchful about what you do and say as much that individuals won't be humiliated or outraged. Discretion can have both positive and negative intentions. (Gaines et al., 2014) Seldom are the police reprimanded by individuals who benefit from discretional choice not to arrest them; however, under the same circumstances, officers may be condemned by the casualty, spectators, or by people in general for their absence of activity. (Gaines et al., 2014).
Police offices have a commitment to guarantee the officer conduct organization strategies, and activities are sensible and effective. There is a variety of systems that are accessible to avoid problematic circumstances. An internal control instrument is built up by the police office strategy and rules with a specific end goal to control their officers' conduct. Arrangements that specifically influence a division's capacity to recognize and correct misuse of discretion or power incorporate necessities that officers and interested individuals who witness such misuse must report them. (Gaines et al, 2014). External control systems are forced on the division by different offices or people who could possibly have a comprehension of the police service.
Control by citizens usually comes in the form of community policing and statutes governing and protecting the citizens against police indiscretion. It places liability on the police. Legislative control is through regulation of police conduct by trimming their power and authority in their respective jurisdictions. Courts essentially ensure that the implementation of the laid down rules is done and obeyed.2. Discuss the ideologies associated with utilitarianism and deontological ethics concerning human behavior and the ethical or unethical decisions and/or actions of those working in law enforcement.
Utilitarianism is essentially the body of ethics that bases its foundations on the consequences of an action. It advocates for looking at the end results of an action or decision, as the basis of judging whether that decision or action is ethical or not.Utilitarianism places justification of a decision upon its intentions and actual results. In other terms, if a decision and action was done to bring about desired results, then this decision and subsequent action is to be deemed ethical, regardless of whether it was good or bad(McCartney & Parent,2015).
Deontology on the other hand is based on Kantian ethics .It places its argument on the strict observance and interpretation of one’s roles and duty. Deontology dictates that one is supposed to stick to his or her prescribed duty, regardless of the situation. One should not steer away from the laid down procedures as dictated by his profession. Additionally, one should not be used as a means to an end, since every individual, and every situation, is an end in itself (McCartney &...