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MHS 506 Module 2 - SLP One- and Two-Sample Tests for Diabetes Status

Essay Instructions:

LAST PAPER HAD THESE ISSUES Please use the references properly. At the end of every statement that is not yours, please add the first author of the reference you are used and the year the reference was published
Using the provided dataset from SLP 1, calculate the appropriate descriptive statistics for the following variables, comparing diabetes with no diabetes status: gender, race, salary, education, height, weight, BMI, allergies, family history diabetes, family history allergies. For chi-square tests, report the chi-square value and the p-value (if p-value < 0.05, then the test is significant). For t-tests, report the t-test value and the p-value. Include a 2- to 3-page description of the descriptive statistics, including tables of the summarized data. This is similar to a "Results" section in a published manuscript or journal article. Use the following online calculators to obtain the results for this analysis.
Chi-Square for Categorical Data: http://www(dot)vassarstats(dot)net/
Choose "Frequency Data" from the far left, then "Chi-Square, Cramer's V, and Lambda" from the middle of the page.
Enter in the number of people in each category (e.g., number of women who have diabetes, number of men with diabetes, etc.).
Example of a table below:
Diabetes No Diabetes
Female 86 214
Male 36 264
Choose a 2 x 2 table and where A1 = 86, A2 = 36; B1 = 214; B2 = 264.
Report the percent of people in each category and the chi-square and p-value. A possible sentence to interpret the results could be:
There are significantly more women (64%) who have diabetes than men (36%).
T-Tests for Continuous Data: http://www(dot)vassarstats(dot)net/
Choose "T-Tests & Procedure" from the far left, then "Two-Sample t-Test", then click "Independent Samples" under Setup.
Copy and Paste the values for those with diabetes into Sample A and those without diabetes into Sample B, then click Calculate. 
For instance, copy and paste all of the ages of those with diabetes into Sample A and all of the ages of those without diabetes into Sample B. From the Data Summary window, report the Mean of those with Diabetes (Sample A) and those without Diabetes (Sample B); also report the "t" from the Results box, as well as the two-tailed p-value. A "p" that is <0.05 suggests that the result is statistically significant. One way to report such a finding would be to use the following language:
The average age of those with diabetes is __ years and for those without diabetes, the average is __ years. Those with diabetes were significantly older/younger (p<0.05).
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: SLP Assignment should be at least 2 pages (500 words) in length.
References: At least two references from academic sources must be included (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). You may use any required readings from this module for your two references. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA formatting recommended).
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to each question.
Format: APA formatting is recommended for this assignment. See Syllabus page for more information on APA formatting.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.
Your assignment will not be graded until you have submitted an Originality Report with a Similarity Index (SI) score <20% (excluding direct quotes, quoted assignment instructions, and references). Papers not meeting this requirement by the end of the session will receive a score of 0 (grade of F). Do keep in mind that papers with a lower SI score may be returned for revisions. For example, if one paragraph accounting for only 10% of a paper is cut and pasted, the paper could be returned for revision, despite the low SI score. Please use the report and your SI score as a guide to improve the originality of your work.
The following items will be assessed in particular:
Achievement of learning outcomes for SLP Assignment.
Relevance: all content is connected to the question.
Precision: specific question is addressed; statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
Depth of discussion: points that lead to deeper issues are presented and integrated.
Breadth: multiple perspectives, references, and issues/factors are considered.
Evidence: points are well supported with facts, statistics, and references.
Logic: presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
Clarity: writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
Objectivity: use of first person and subjective bias are avoided.

Essay Sample Content Preview:

MHS 506 Module 2 - SLP One- and Two-Sample Tests for Diabetes Status
Name
Course
Institution
Chi square
  Diabetes No Diabetes Marginal Row Totals Female 56   (57.77)   [0.05] 103   (101.23)   [0.03] 159 Male 53   (51.23)   [0.06] 88   (89.77)   [0.03] 141 Marginal Column Totals 109 191 300    (Grand Total)
There were 159 female participants and 109 male participants out of the 300 study respondents. There were 109 people with diabetes out of 300 accounting for 36.3% of the population. This is broken down as 56 women participants had diabetes for 35.2% compared with 37.6 % (53) of men who had diabetes. The men are more susceptible to diabetes compared to the women. The Pearson chi-square, uncorrected for continuity, is 0.18 while the chi-square value reported is the Yates chi-square, corrected for continuity is 0.09 at degrees of freedom (1), while Cramer’s V is 0.0245.
The P-Value is uncorrected for continuity 0.6714. The result is not significant at p < 0.05. The P-Value for the chi-square corrected for continuity is 0.7642. The result is not significant at p < 0.05. The null hypothesis in this scenario is that there is association between diabetes prevalence and gender. Hence, we accept the null hypothesis as the proportion of women with diabetes is not statistically different from men with diabetes. This is indicated the p-value that is higher than the accepted significances level (0.05).
T-value
Results      Meana—MeanbtdfPone-tailed<.0001<.000131.517720.09298two-tailed<.0001<.0001
The t score is + 20.09 at 298 degrees of freedom (190+108). The P-Value is < .00001 at one-tailed and two tailed hypotheses. The result is significant at p < .05. Considering the statistical significance is important to dete...
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