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Literature & Language
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English (U.S.)
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Questions: What Do The Publications Mentioned In The Headnote

Coursework Instructions:

1. On page 247 of your textbook, the authors write, "Aristotle saw, in addition to the appeals to reason [logos] and to emotion [pathos], a third form of persuasion – the appeal to the speaker's character." This and the two questions that follow, deal with this third form of persuasion, which Aristotle called ethos.
INSTRUCTIONS: Re-read the headnote to Charles L. Lawrence III's "On Racist Speech" (page 71), focusing on the publishing history. Then answer the question:
What do the publications mentioned in the headnote – both the publication in which "On Racist Speech" was originally published and the publication in which a longer version of the article appeared – lead you to expect from the writer in terms of tone (formal? informal?), vocabulary (general? specialized?), level of difficulty (low? high? somewhere in between?), subject matter, etc.? Would you expect their to be significant differences between the two versions, or would you expect them to be essentially the same?
2. Re-read the first three paragraphs of "On Racist Speech" (71-72).
How does what he talks about in this passage, in which he describes his evolving and somewhat conflicted view of the campus free-speech issue, serve to enhance his ethos (authority, credibility) in the eyes of the reader?
3 Re-read the first three paragraphs of Lawrence's article one more time and, based on what you have just read, answer the following question:
On what shared assumptions or experiences does Lawrence rest his hope that he will be able to persuade the reader to take his point of view on racist speech?
4 Re-read one-time Harvard University president Derek Bok's newspaper opinion piece "Protecting Freedom of Expression on Campus."
When it comes to dealing with controversial or potentially offensive speech on campus, what does Bok recommend be done about it? Do you agree? If so, why? If not, why not?
5 Paragraph 11 of Bok's article reads, "I suspect that no community will become humane and caring by restricting what its members can say. The worst offenders will simply find other ways to irritate and insult."
Do you agree? If so, why? If not, why not?

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

Questions
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Questions
1 What do the publications mentioned in the headnote – both the publication in which "On Racist Speech" was originally published and the publication in which a longer version of the article appeared – lead you to expect from the writer in terms of tone (formal? informal?), vocabulary (general? specialized?), level of difficulty (low? high? somewhere in between?), subject matter, etc.? Would you expect there to be significant differences between the two versions, or would you expect them to be essentially the same?
The two versions lead one to expect the employment of a formal tone. The audience in all the publications held Lawrence to a certain degree, and therefore, their expectations would have been thwarted if he had chosen to use an informal tone. I also expected the vocabulary to be specialized and the level of difficulty to be high. As per the headnote, Lawrence had written numerous article in law journals, and therefore, he was used to writing to a specific audience. I would, therefore, expect him to use specialized vocabulary.
Yes, there should be significant differences. While writing for the Duke Law Journal, his audience is almost homogenous regarding educational background but for the Chronicle of Higher Education mainly encompasses people from different educational backgrounds. Therefore, his approach would indeed be different.
2 How does what he talks about in this passage, in which he describes his evolving and somewhat conflicted view of the campus free-speech issue, serve to enhance his ethos (authority, credibility) in the eyes of the reader?
First of all, it brings to perspective how racial speech has been used to undermine minorities in the universities. The relaxed nature that seems to be employed primarily by the universities when dealing with racial speech and its effects is indeed appalling and shocking.
Secondly, he makes the reader empathize with the plight of the minorities because even in the respected institutions, there are loopholes that can be exploited. For example, the courts have found it okay to allow offensive speech in the streets just because an individual can choose to walk away. The above is quite insensitive and discriminative because it fails to factor in the simple fact that people can have their feelings hurt and the tongue is indee...
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