What are the few main differences between global studies and international relations? Provide current events or research for each difference.

Introduction and intellectual origins and evolution of global studies
Introduction:
1)Global studies emerged in the late 1990s as a transdisciplinary field of academic inquiry exploring the many dimensions of globalization.
2)Consequently, the new field is also critical of the parochial departmental structure of high education that operates institutionally in most cases as an inward-looking defense mechanism against real and suspected threats from ‘outsiders’.
3)According to Fredric Jameson, global studies generate an academic ‘space of tension’ framed by multiple disagreements and agreements in which the very notion of globalization itself is being continuously produced and contested.
4)One crucial factor for the early popularity of the ‘global’ relates to the development of the modern media and communications industries whose executives recognized the worldwide reach and power of their expanding networks serving mass audiences. A number of newspapers around the world particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia started to use the world ‘globe’ as an identity marker, such as the Boston Globe or the Globe and Mail. 
International Studies, Area Studies or Global Studies?
1) 20th-century social scientists used the term ‘international relations’ only to refer to changing connections among territorial states and nationally bounded societies.
2)International Studies Association (ISA) arose as a national organization committed to the promotion of ‘research’ and education in international affairs. Founded in 1959 largely by disaffected American political scientists, the ISA embraced a methodological nationalism that served the geopolitical strategies and properties of the First World in general and US hegemony in particular.
3)Traditional IR scholarship focused primarily on the self-interested actions of nation states-especially with regard to security issues.
4)As Barrie Axford notes, this new transnational theoretical orientation in IR partly corresponded with the more fluid approaches of ‘international political economists’ and ‘regime theorists’ who examined the workings of institutionalized systems of cooperation in global issue areas such as economic development, climate change, surveillance, and digital technology.
 The Contours of the Field:
1)Global studies have benefited from significant shifts in funding toward ‘global’ research and teachings on the macro-level of the university, government, and major philanthropic organizations, it also resonates with a new intellectual agenda focused on ‘globalization’.
2)Universities and colleges in the United States have supported the creation of new global studies initiatives that are often funded by major government institutions and philanthropists. For example, Northwestern University announced in 2015 it received a donation of $100 million the largest single gift in the history from the sister of an investor Warren Buffett for the establishment of Roberta Buffett Institute for Global Studies.
 The Four Pillars of Global Studies:
1)Globalization: is the primary subject of global studies. Serving as the master concept of the field ‘globalization’ constitutes its first pillar because it sits at the very core of global studies. The complex and uneven dynamics of contemporary globalization have provoked countless intellectual disagreements over how to define the keyword and which of its many dimensions should be privileged.
2)Transdisciplinarity: reacts o the question of how global studies fits within the conventional disciplinary order of the modern university as well as how it integrates a variety of disciplinary approaches and insights into a new framework of understanding the transnational dynamics of our globalizing world.
3)Space and Time: global-scale dynamics such as ‘deterritorialization’ and ‘denationalization’ are the principal reason why the term globalization was coined in the first place. Globalization processes create new and complex geographies that often emerge from deep inside spaces and places that do not necessarily scale at the global level.
4)Critical Thinking: reflects the field’s receptivity to the activity of social criticism that problematizes unequal power relations and engages in ongoing social struggles to bring about more just global society.
Genealogy of ‘Globalization’: The Four Meaning Branches:
1)Engaging in the genealogical exploration of ‘globalization’ involves, fist tracing its use in written texts and then recording these sequences and patterns of use. Second, it entails reading pertinent texts for their meaning and discerning the extent to which their authors have a reflexive understanding at the time that they are using a particular term such as globalization to denote what is now the dominant meaning-the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-space and world-time.
a) Education & Psychology: the educational branch appears to be the oldest of the four and relates primarily to the universalization and integration of knowledge
b)Society and Culture: organized around cultural and sociological meanings, the second evolutionary branch of globalization originates in the 1940s, the first instance of this usage seems remarkable for both its unusual context and the form in which it was delivered.   
c) Politics and International Relations: rooted in the disciplines of politics and international relations. For example, United Nations
d) Economics and Business: associated with economics, trade, and business. 
Discussion Question: What are the few main differences between global studies and international relations? Provide current events or research for each difference.